Linux OS

Luke Ivers wrote:

The only part that I'm having any real trouble with is customizing the
kernel before the build. Everything else is pretty much straightforward
unix/linux stuff that you do on any server to get things done. If anyone
has references to a guide or something (not the default Gentoo installation
guide) on what to do while configuring the kernel, I'd appreciate the help.

For most servers or desktops or workstations, you shouldn't have to customize the kernel. Read through the manual on using "genkernel". The exact steps vary from release to release, but essentially all you have to do is "emerge genkernel" and do a "genkernel all" to get started. There may be another step to get a default configuration, but unless you're doing something special like building a router, you shouldn't have to change the default kernel to get on the air.

Once you get the machine up and running and have done an "emerge --sync", then you'll want to customize your kernel. But just to get it booted up, the defaults should work.

···

--
M. Edward (Ed) Borasky, FBG, AB, PTA, PGS, MS, MNLP, NST, ACMC(P)
http://borasky-research.blogspot.com/

If God had meant for carrots to be eaten cooked, He would have given rabbits fire.

Woohoo! Long live Gentoo. If you need any help, you can email me
offlist. Of course, I am not like the Linux Guru of All or anything, but
I'm more than happy to help or point you in a right direction.

As for customizing the kernel, I go about it the 'easy' way and use
genkernel:

genkernel --menuconfig --bootloader=grub all (make sure the symlink
use tag is in your /etc/make.conf)

I go through the menu options and if there's something I know I don't
need, I take it out (ie a lot of the laptop stuff). I select my
proper processor, etc.
Also, what I used for certain things like DRM, depended on which video
card I was using. I run the unstable architecture, so I have new
sources that I can upgrade
to, I'm just choosing not to as things are working nicely and I'm busy
focusing on rubyish stuff. :slight_smile:

···

On 2/12/07, Luke Ivers <technodolt@gmail.com> wrote:

While this is somewhat accurate, I do have enough experience with
Linux/Unix
in general that hacking at Gentoo is okay with me. I finally (after 6
initial failed attempts) got a build done late Saturday/early
Sunday. That
was on my home machine. Today I'm going to mess around with it some more.
The only part that I'm having any real trouble with is customizing the
kernel before the build. Everything else is pretty much straightforward
unix/linux stuff that you do on any server to get things done. If anyone
has references to a guide or something (not the default Gentoo
installation
guide) on what to do while configuring the kernel, I'd appreciate the
help.

Thanks for everyone's help, it's greatly appreciated.

The vgrails thing sounds interesting, you can send me an email off-list if
you want.

technodolt :: at :: gmail :: dot :: com

Again, thanks to you all.

--
Samantha

http://www.babygeek.org/

"Beware when the great God lets loose a thinker on this planet. Then all
things are at risk."
  --Ralph Waldo Emerson

One final followup question:

Someone suggested to me that I look into FreeBSD as an alternative to
the Linux based systems.

Anyone have any experience with FreeBSD that could mention pros/cons?

Thanks.

···

--
Posted via http://www.ruby-forum.com/.

I was the one who dismissed Gentoo as a server OS. Let me
point out that
I have three workstations running Gentoo and it is my distro
of choice
for workstations. If you want, I'll hunt down the blog post on why
Gentoo is not practical as a server OS except under some
extremely rare
circumstances. The main point is that it just takes too much
wall clock
time to do routine security and stability updates relative to
Debian and
Fedora/Red Hat/CentOS.

But again, the OP was after a machine to play around with things, not a
good business production environment - "I'm building a Linux VM inside
of my Windows box so I can experiment with setting up different
ruby/rails situations, configuring apache, trying out nginx, etc."

This isn't a production box, it's a play box... though I just noticed
that he said he's doing this in a VM... Ok, if you're going to be
running things inside a VM, probably spending all the time configuring,
compiling and tuning a gentoo box is not worth it. But if you're after a
play environment, Gentoo is great.

I don't think I'd want to run gentoo as my linux OS if my dollars or job
was on the line - probably less because I couldn't keep it secure and
stable and more that since it's not the 'safe' choice I'd be personally
responsible - but as my personal server and play machine, I wouldn't
dream of using anything else.

Dan.

Just remember that if you are running Fedora, you are acting as an unpaid
alpha-tester for a commercial product (Red Hat Enterprise Linux). Also,
there is little support for older releases, so you will find yourself doing
full version upgrades quite often.

If you like the idea of running "stable" Red Hat code, or you work in an
organisation that also uses RHEL for servers, consider CentOS:
http://www.centos.org/
You'll find yourself stuck with a 2.6.9 kernel though.

Otherwise, it's hard not to recommend Ubuntu. Ubuntu 6.06 has long-term
support (until 2009 for desktop, and 2011 for server), and it's a breeze to
install and keep up to date. Sure, the default install is rather bloated in
terms of the amount of stuff it installs, but disks are cheap these days.

The ruby installation is broken into a zillion sub-packages, but 'apt-cache
search ruby' will generally find the bit you're looking for.

Just my 2c.

Brian.

···

On Wed, Feb 07, 2007 at 02:32:11PM +0900, M. Edward (Ed) Borasky wrote:

So I will stick with my recommendation: the vast majority of
non-professional servers are better off with Fedora than any other Linux
distro.

Alex Young <alex@blackkettle.org> writes:

M. Edward (Ed) Borasky wrote:

Alex Young wrote:

M. Edward (Ed) Borasky wrote:

Gregory Brown wrote:

I think for
doing something like setting up apache + ruby/rails, pretty much any
distro will do for experimentation, though the debian based ones will
annoy you if you try to install ruby via apt.

That's a big negative in my book. :slight_smile: How is Ruby installation
difficult on apt-based distros?

It's not the fact that it's apt which makes it difficult - it's the
historical packaging policies of Debian Ruby which splits the core
into separate packages for the interpreter, irb, rdoc, and so on,
which is confusing. If I remember correctly, there was talk a short
while ago of providing a meta-package which would pull all of these
together in a single 'apt-get install ruby-full' (or something) to
minimise irritation.

I tend to ignore that and use checkinstall, myself.

Isn't the RPM world the same, in terms of how the whole Ruby package set
is distributed? For example, if you install a Rails RPM it will pull in
only the packages it needs.

I wouldn't know. What would `yum install ruby` pull in? Judging from
this recipe:

http://oe.openendstudios.com/2007/1/19/fedora-core-5-and-ruby-on-rails-server-recipe

(first on Google, no idea of the accuracy), it looks like that's all you
need for ruby itself, but there will be others watching who can better
answer...

--

As someone who recently installed ruby and rails on a Debian system (Debian
Etch), I don't believe there are any "issues", even with the packaging system.
I simply used aptitude, selected the ruby version I wanted and aptitude pulled
in all the necessary dependencies and provided "Suggested/Recommended"
sections which contained additional ruby packages which were not essential but
were either recommended (i.e. you probably should install these, but you don't
have to) or suggested (i.e. these are not needed, but many users find them
useful).

With respect to the OPs original questions. I think that the rpath appliance
solution is a very interesting way to go if you just want to experiment.
Essentially, you use a virtual machine configuration based on either vmware or
zen and then you get/build an "appliance" using rpath's appliance builder (see
http://www.rpath.com). The appliance builder is a very simple way of creating a
minimal Linux distribution that meets your needs and which is run as either a
vmware or zen "image". One of the nice things with rpath is that they have two
levels of operation. You can purchase their appliance builder and create
specific images, which you can then release/sell as you want. This solution is
mainly for vendors who want to provide a simple consistent installation for
clients. Alternatively, they have their free system, which you run from their
site to build an image. With the free system, the only restriction is that you
make the image you build available to others. For example, the last time I
looked, they had both a zen and a vmware based LAMP image. If you wanted to
play around with linux using apache, mysql and perl, you could just grab this
image and put it on your system - very quick and very simple.

I think this would be a great way to experiment with ruby on Linux as you just
have a minimal Linux distro that is an image which you can load/unload as you
need. You don't have to worry about maintaining lots of irrelevant packages or
the potential security issues you can have with a full linux distro which you
don't/can't manage/configure etc, because you only have the minimal set of pa
packages necessary to do whatever it is you want to do.

We are starting to use this approach for managing all our servers within our
data centre. It makes administration a lot easier because each of these images
are like separate "sandboxes", so you don't get the horriffic dependency issues
you can get with a single server supporting multiple vendor applications (ie.e.
Oracle requiring version X of Java or Perl, a CMS wanting version X+1, another
app wanting version x+2 etc.

From an experimental perspective, this approach is really convenient as you
don't need to uninstall a system running (lets say Windows 2k) to make
available hardware to install a full Linux distro. Instead, you use vmware on
your w2k system and configure it to allow a virtual linux image, which is where
you might install an rpath Linux ruby image. When your not experimenting with
ruby on Linux, you just unload the image and have all your resources (minus
disk space for the image) available again.

I would recommend a system with at least 2Gb of memory for this approach.
However, given that 2Gb systems are more common, this isn't too much to ask.
You can do it with 1Gb, but you will notice a drop in performance. If its just
for experimentation, this probably isn't too much of an issue.

Tim

···

--
tcross (at) rapttech dot com dot au

The security conscious out there always recommend BSD since I believe
OpenBSD hasn't had a successful security flaw found in a long while. I
believe this is due to a few things, first the packages aren't added as
quickly and secondly BSD has some nice buffer overflow thwarting mechanisms
in the OS that help to prevent the most common problems.

I don't know whether FreeBSD shares the same claim, but FreeBSD does offer
more compatibility with Linux binaries.

You can read more about them here

You shouldn't have any problems running most anything you'll need on BSD and
Ruby is supported. If you choose FreeBSD then you can pull from Linux
binaries as well.

Several of the people I know use BSD and love it especially for servers.

Jeff

···

On 2/13/07, Luke Ivers <lukeivers@gmail.com> wrote:

One final followup question:

Someone suggested to me that I look into FreeBSD as an alternative to
the Linux based systems.

Anyone have any experience with FreeBSD that could mention pros/cons?

Pro: It's not Linux.
Con: It's not Linux.

I've been using FreeBSD on servers for over a decade now. It's very solid.

See BSD For Linux Users :: Intro
for an excellent ideological comparison of the two.

J.

···

On 2/13/07, Luke Ivers <lukeivers@gmail.com> wrote:

Someone suggested to me that I look into FreeBSD as an alternative to
the Linux based systems.

Anyone have any experience with FreeBSD that could mention pros/cons?

Yes, freebsd is great. Well documented ( FreeBSD Handbook | FreeBSD Documentation Portal )
and will run everything you need for rails.

To be honest, just get one and try it. You're asking people what their favourite
OS is and expecting us to reach a consensus. It's not going to happen
before the heat death, so just get stuck in :slight_smile:

···

On 13/02/07, Luke Ivers <lukeivers@gmail.com> wrote:

One final followup question:

Someone suggested to me that I look into FreeBSD as an alternative to
the Linux based systems.

Anyone have any experience with FreeBSD that could mention pros/cons?

--
Rasputin :: Jack of All Trades - Master of Nuns
http://number9.hellooperator.net/

www.h-e-r-e-t-i-x.org by Andrew Walrond (http://www.walrond.org/).

One to watch.

I've had a version running as a VM, late last year.

Looks like he's had time to upgrade his server.

Markt

Brian Candler wrote:

  

So I will stick with my recommendation: the vast majority of non-professional servers are better off with Fedora than any other Linux distro.
    
Just remember that if you are running Fedora, you are acting as an unpaid
alpha-tester for a commercial product (Red Hat Enterprise Linux). Also,
there is little support for older releases, so you will find yourself doing
full version upgrades quite often.
  

Ah, but aren't we all unpaid alpha and beta testers in the open source world? :slight_smile:

If you like the idea of running "stable" Red Hat code, or you work in an
organisation that also uses RHEL for servers, consider CentOS:
http://www.centos.org/
You'll find yourself stuck with a 2.6.9 kernel though.
  

Yeah ... CentOS and the other RHEL rebuilds are a really good deal. I don't know why so many businesses choose to run Fedora servers rather than an RHEL rebuild, but they do. I guess they know what they're doing.

···

On Wed, Feb 07, 2007 at 02:32:11PM +0900, M. Edward (Ed) Borasky wrote:

--
M. Edward (Ed) Borasky, FBG, AB, PTA, PGS, MS, MNLP, NST, ACMC(P)
http://borasky-research.blogspot.com/

If God had meant for carrots to be eaten cooked, He would have given rabbits fire.

Tim X wrote:

With respect to the OPs original questions. I think that the rpath appliance
solution is a very interesting way to go if you just want to experiment.
Essentially, you use a virtual machine configuration based on either vmware or
zen and then you get/build an "appliance" using rpath's appliance builder (see
http://www.rpath.com). The appliance builder is a very simple way of creating a
minimal Linux distribution that meets your needs and which is run as either a
vmware or zen "image". One of the nice things with rpath is that they have two
levels of operation. You can purchase their appliance builder and create
specific images, which you can then release/sell as you want. This solution is
mainly for vendors who want to provide a simple consistent installation for
clients. Alternatively, they have their free system, which you run from their
site to build an image. With the free system, the only restriction is that you
make the image you build available to others. For example, the last time I
looked, they had both a zen and a vmware based LAMP image. If you wanted to
play around with linux using apache, mysql and perl, you could just grab this
image and put it on your system - very quick and very simple.

I think this would be a great way to experiment with ruby on Linux as you just
have a minimal Linux distro that is an image which you can load/unload as you
need. You don't have to worry about maintaining lots of irrelevant packages or
the potential security issues you can have with a full linux distro which you
don't/can't manage/configure etc, because you only have the minimal set of pa
packages necessary to do whatever it is you want to do.
  

I took a brief look at rPath and "Conary" a couple of months ago. You have to do a fair amount of detailed construction work unless one of their existing packages meets your needs exactly. With Gentoo/Portage, it's a *lot* simpler. The nice thing about rPath for open source projects is that they will host them for you -- you don't have to find someone willing to host, say, a 3 GB virtual machine (compressed -- a Gentoo "lamp stack" is more like 6 GB uncompressed.

···

--
M. Edward (Ed) Borasky, FBG, AB, PTA, PGS, MS, MNLP, NST, ACMC(P)
http://borasky-research.blogspot.com/

If God had meant for carrots to be eaten cooked, He would have given rabbits fire.

I have a project on RubyForge that I would like to give away. It's called "vgrails", which stands for Virtual Gentoo Rails. As the name implies, it is a set of bash scripts for building a virtual Gentoo Rails server. When fully assembled, you have a VMware Virtual machine, Gentoo Linux, a full LAMP stack (plus Perl and Python, which are in the Gentoo base), Rails and all its dependencies, plus SQLite (both 2 and 3) and PostgreSQL.

I will probably take one last shot at it over the weekend -- add RSpec and strip out some of the things like R and the literate programming tools that I wouldn't be caught dead without. Once I get it cleaned up, if I don't hear anything from someone wanting to take it over, I'll probably just ask RubyForge management to archive it and free up the disk space. It isn't very big -- there's really nothing to it but a bunch of bash scripts and config files. But I don't have the time to maintain it nor do I have a personal use for it.

···

--
M. Edward (Ed) Borasky, FBG, AB, PTA, PGS, MS, MNLP, NST, ACMC(P)
http://borasky-research.blogspot.com/

If God had meant for carrots to be eaten cooked, He would have given rabbits fire.

So, here's what I've gathered so far (yes I'm still reading all the replies
to this post):

Given that I am willing to spend the time learning Gentoo's functionality,
it's probably the best to play with.

I think that's what I'm aiming at.

What I intend to do in the long run is to take the results of what I learn
here and use them as a full machine, as opposed to a VM.

So, given that I find out exactly what I need and works best for me
personally in this VM, I will then use that as a basis for how to build
production servers.

If I understand what I've read correctly, Gentoo would be good for that,
yes?

Most definitely! My Gentoo story goes in the other direction - our
sysadmin is using it for our servers, and then for our desktops, and I
liked it so much that I installed it on my machine at home too.

martin

···

On 2/9/07, Luke Ivers <technodolt@gmail.com> wrote:

So, given that I find out exactly what I need and works best for me
personally in this VM, I will then use that as a basis for how to build
production servers.

If I understand what I've read correctly, Gentoo would be good for that,
yes?

Luke Ivers wrote:

So, here's what I've gathered so far (yes I'm still reading all the replies
to this post):

Given that I am willing to spend the time learning Gentoo's functionality,
it's probably the best to play with.

I think that's what I'm aiming at.

What I intend to do in the long run is to take the results of what I learn
here and use them as a full machine, as opposed to a VM.

So, given that I find out exactly what I need and works best for me
personally in this VM, I will then use that as a basis for how to build
production servers.

If I understand what I've read correctly, Gentoo would be good for that,
yes?

well ... a lot depends on the host for the VM. I find Gentoo virtual machines, at least with Workstation or Server, take forever squared to do all the compiles. I've got a 1.3 GHz Athlon Tbird with a GB of RAM. I can give the Gentoo VM 256 meg and it still takes over 24 hours to compile everything at -O2, including Ruby, the kernel, X windows and one of the *lighter* desktops like GNUstep/Windowmaker. Don't even think about compiling OpenOffice.org, Thunderbird or Firefox -- install the binaries. Apache goes pretty quickly, but PHP, MySQL and PostgreSQL take a good bit of time. KDE? Forget it.

···

--
M. Edward (Ed) Borasky, FBG, AB, PTA, PGS, MS, MNLP, NST, ACMC(P)
http://borasky-research.blogspot.com/

If God had meant for carrots to be eaten cooked, He would have given rabbits fire.

I agree. I started out using Gentoo on VMWare on a laptop, and now have many
installations including another laptop and a server. I enjoy using it far
more than any other distro. Administration, installation/upgrading of new
packages is extremely easy and you'll rarely find something that it doesn't
have. No more manually pulling source and all dependencies. No more trying
to find someone that has compiled in your particular feature, just configure
what you want and emerge it. It just works.

There is a little more setup at the very beginning, but after that
everything is very straight forward and easy to maintain. Plus you end up
with everything tailored to your exact needs. A wonderful distro!

It is also nice to have only what you want installed both from a memory and
performance footprint but also for general security as well. And if you
really want additional security features, they have a full range of
hardening features for the sources.

Enjoy!

···

On 2/9/07, Martin DeMello <martindemello@gmail.com> wrote:

On 2/9/07, Luke Ivers <technodolt@gmail.com> wrote:
>
> So, given that I find out exactly what I need and works best for me
> personally in this VM, I will then use that as a basis for how to build
> production servers.
>
> If I understand what I've read correctly, Gentoo would be good for that,
> yes?

Most definitely! My Gentoo story goes in the other direction - our
sysadmin is using it for our servers, and then for our desktops, and I
liked it so much that I installed it on my machine at home too.

martin

--
Jeff Barczewski, MasterView core team
Inspired Horizons Ruby on Rails Training and Consultancy
Next Ruby on Rails plus JRuby workshop Feb 22-24 St. Louis, MO
http://inspiredhorizons.com/training/rails/index.html
Limited seating, register now!

i

···

On 2/10/07, M. Edward (Ed) Borasky <znmeb@cesmail.net> wrote:

Luke Ivers wrote:
well ... a lot depends on the host for the VM. I find Gentoo virtual
machines, at least with Workstation or Server, take forever squared to
do all the compiles. I've got a 1.3 GHz Athlon Tbird with a GB of RAM. I
can give the Gentoo VM 256 meg and it still takes over 24 hours to
compile everything at -O2, including Ruby, the kernel, X windows and one
of the *lighter* desktops like GNUstep/Windowmaker. Don't even think
about compiling OpenOffice.org, Thunderbird or Firefox -- install the
binaries. Apache goes pretty quickly, but PHP, MySQL and PostgreSQL take
a good bit of time. KDE? Forget it.

--
M. Edward (Ed) Borasky, FBG, AB, PTA, PGS, MS, MNLP, NST, ACMC(P)
http://borasky-research.blogspot.com/

If God had meant for carrots to be eaten cooked, He would have given
rabbits fire.

Egads. Compiling KDE does take a very long time. One thing that seems to

help is having the 'kdeenablefinal' USE flag in your /etc/make.conf

When I emerged KDE, I did it before I went to sleep. That's just not
something ya wanna wait around for. :slight_smile:

--
Samantha

http://www.babygeek.org/

"Beware when the great God lets loose a thinker on this planet. Then all
things are at risk."
  --Ralph Waldo Emerson

"Martin DeMello" <martindemello@gmail.com> writes:

So, given that I find out exactly what I need and works best for me
personally in this VM, I will then use that as a basis for how to build
production servers.

If I understand what I've read correctly, Gentoo would be good for that,
yes?

Most definitely! My Gentoo story goes in the other direction - our
sysadmin is using it for our servers, and then for our desktops, and I
liked it so much that I installed it on my machine at home too.

martin

I have to state up-front that I've never used gentoo, so take the following in
the context of questions (I guess I'm sort of playing devils advocate) rather
than the basis for a religious war or flame bait.

Many people I've talked to that use gentoo think its a great distro. However,
I've also been told by quite a few that it is not the best choice for someone
who is not familiar with the GNU Linux/Unix way of doing things (i.e. someone
who has only been exposed to Windows). All of those I've spoken to have come
from either other GNU Linux distros to gentoo or are from a Unix background.
From personal eexperience introducing windows users to GNU Linux, I know that
one of the most alien concepts they have trouble with is building from sources,
dealing with makefiles etc. Therefore, I wonder if gentoo is really the best
way to start compared to distros like Ubuntu, Debian or even Red Hat? There are
a lot of quite subtle issues which anyone with some epxerience on Linux tends
to be across, but for the uninitiated, they can be very confusing.

The other point that is important to consider is what else your likely to want
to do in the future with the Linux distro. For example, if you think you may
want to install some commercial packages, then you also need to consider what
distros the vendors support. Most vendors support Red hat (which isn't my
favorite distro BTW), but I don't know of any that support gentoo.

Finally, I think one of the most important things to consider when selecting a
first GNU Linux distro is to consider what others local to your area may be
using. Find out if there is a Linux users group etc. This will make it easier
to get help should you run into problems.

When starting a first go at GNU Linux and wanting to just get a basic exposure,
I think it is best to go with the easiest and most straight-forward system to
install and configure. Currently, I would suspect this may be Ubuntu (based on
all the feedback/press I've seen). Initially, issues of performance and long
term maintenance are less important to the novice than ease of installation and
configuration.

Again, this is not to say that gentoo isn't a good distribution. In fact, its
one I hope to try out when I can spare some hardware. However, for a beginner,
I think it may be more difficult than necessary and as it has a smaller user
base than other more popular distros, the new user may find it harder to find
help.

Just my 2 cents worth.

Tim

···

On 2/9/07, Luke Ivers <technodolt@gmail.com> wrote:

--
tcross (at) rapttech dot com dot au

Samantha wrote:

Egads. Compiling KDE does take a very long time. One thing that seems to

help is having the 'kdeenablefinal' USE flag in your /etc/make.conf

When I emerged KDE, I did it before I went to sleep. That's just not
something ya wanna wait around for. :slight_smile:

The issue isn't so much KDE or Gentoo's need to recompile most everything. It's the ghastly performance of VMware on jobs with a lot of processor, memory and disk usage, which is what gcc is. One thing that will make a big difference is that you absolutely positively *must* pre-allocate your virtual disks. It's pretty much unusable if you don't.

When I was in the development stage, I had a separate virtual disk for "ccache", another one for "/usr/portage/packages" and a third for "/usr/portage/distfiles". That way, I had binary packages and didn't have to do any more compiles than necessary. It also keeps "/usr" from getting too big. Once the machine is "staged", I just unmount those disks, turn off the compiler caching and the automatic binary package building. :slight_smile:

Still, I gave up on it -- it was just a lot of waiting around relative to Gentoo on a real machine. Here in Portland you can pick up perfectly good refurbished P3s with a decent hard drive and enough RAM to run a Debian or Gentoo or Fedora desktop for less than some of the restaurants around here charge for a small steak dinner. :slight_smile: There's little need to devote *part* of a machine to a "learning server" using VMware when you can get something real. As far as I'm concerned, VMware Workstation or the free VMware Server have only one practical use case -- as a way of running a *small* Linux workstation inside a Windows workstation. (Or vice versa if you work in a Linux shop but need occasional Windows).

···

--
M. Edward (Ed) Borasky, FBG, AB, PTA, PGS, MS, MNLP, NST, ACMC(P)
http://borasky-research.blogspot.com/

If God had meant for carrots to be eaten cooked, He would have given rabbits fire.